Histopathological and biochemical studies in male Wistar albino rats injected with diethylnitrosamine and treated with Camel’s milk and Curcuma longa

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Camel’s milk and the antioxidant effect of Curcuma longa on Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar albino rats. Thirty rats were divided into six groups and fed on standard diet and tap water was provided ad libtum. The first group received only tap water beside standard diet and considered as control group. The second group was injected with a single intraperitoneal (i/p) dose of 1ml DENA (60 mg/ kg b. w.). The third group was injected (i/p) with 1 ml (60 mg/kg b.wt.) of DENA and received 1ml of camel’s milk / each rat by stomach tube. The fourth group was injected (i/p) with 1ml (60mg/kg b.w.)of DENA and received 2 ml of camel’s milk /each rat. The fifth group was injected (i/p) with 1ml (60mg/kg b.w.) of DENA and 1ml of Curcuma longa extract /each rat and the sixth group was injected (i/p) with 1ml (60 mg/kg b. w.) ofDENA and 2ml of Curcuma longa extract / each rat. This experiment lasted for 120 day and the injection was done daily. All animals fed on standard diet and tap water during the experimental period (120 days). Blood and liver samples were collected at the end of experiment for biochemical analysis and histopathological investigation. The present findings revealed that DENA increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) while it decreased the level of antioxidants glutathione (GSH), supeoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). On the other hand,. All enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed significant increase with DENA. Moreover, Total proteins levels, albumin, α1, α2 β1, β2, γ1 and γ2 showed significant decrease while albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio was insignificantly affected. Pathological examination of the liver showed that i/p administration of DENA caused significant histological damage represented by degeneration of hepatocytes, fibroma adenoma with severe congestion and hemorrhage. The results also revealed that both camel’s milk and Curcuma longa extract have good roles in improving the treated groups biochemically and histopathologically. The protective effect of both camel’s milk and Curcuma longa may be due to their antioxidant activity. It could be concluded that drinking camel’s milk and Curcuma longa extract may be beneficial for patients who suffer from liver diseases.