Prevalence of Chronic Complication among diabetes patients attending diabetic clinic at KAUH in Jeddah: A Cross Sectional Survey

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases and is a major health problem globally (Khanam P.A. et. al, 2015). Diabetes mellitus is a long lasting sickness and quickly expanding in both gender and all ages. It includes different physiological capacities, organs and diverse systems and is connected with health complications (Meo et al, 2015).
Aims: To determine the prevalence of chronic complications and comorbidity among the type 2 diabetics attending diabetic clinic at KAUH in Jeddah.
Methods: A cross- sectional descriptive study was carried out among (200) Patients (73) male and (127) female at (KAUH) and Suleiman Fageeh Hospital with diagnosed diabetes type 2 with complications to be included in the study at their first visit to the outpatient endocrinology department between October 2014 and April 2015. Patients were enrolled consecutively from outpatients and inpatients. The data was collected by questionnaire include demographics characteristics, laboratory investigations collected from the patient's medical records to measuring the prevalence diabetes complications. Hospital length of stay was recorded. The results were analyzed by SPSS statistical package version 15.
Results: Overall most of male and female participants were have 2 or more of chronic disease (79, 5% & 85%) respectively. High prevalence of hypertension among female type2 diabetes patients than males (43.3 % vs. 38.4 % consecutively). Female patient had higher percent who take medication for high blood pressure & hypercholesterolemia than male (43.3% vs. 38.4%) and (57.5% & 53.4 %) respectively. Significant differences among our participants (male &female) in (Mean± SD) of HbA1c level in the blood at (p<0.014*). Also male patients were had higher percent of poor HbA1c level (8.1-9%) than females (16.4% vs. 15.0%) respectively. Likewise for very poor HbA1c level (>9) males had higher percent than females by (56.2% vs. 37%) respectively. The frequency of retinopathy among our patients was (57.5 % for males & 70.1% for females). The reported neuropathy in this study was (58.9%) for male & (69.3%) for female patients.
Conclusion: The result showed a high percentage of chronic complications among the diabetic patients of this region. The high percentage of hypertension and dyslipidemia among them are important co morbidity factors which if not controlled can cause further increase in the number of chronic complications. This emphasizes the need of national awareness program about the gravity of the problem. We recommend screening of high risk groups and emphasize importance of early diagnosis of diabetes and detection chronic complications so that appropriate treatment initiated at the earliest